We try to make technology fun, interesting, and understandable to kids and their adults. It's for kids, parents, teachers, and adults who want to learn and have fun with technology.īeanz magazine is published by Kids Code & Computer Science, Inc., a US 501(c)(3) nonprofit dedicated to publishing a kids magazine about science, technology, engineering, art, and math to engage kids anywhere. Learn More The Filesystem Hierarchy StandardĪ bi-monthly magazine published 6 times a year, the magazine explores computer science and software programming. Log files and other data that needs to be written is stored in the /var directory, for example, the /var/log directory. When Linux runs, the /usr directory contents are read-only. The /var directory mirrors the /usr directory. Locally compiled applications are stored in the /usr/local directory to keep them apart from other system and user-specific applications. Graphic files are stored in the /usr/share directory. Binaries are stored in /usr/bin or /usr/sbin directories. Temporary files stored in this directory are deleted upon system restart or periodically by software utilities.Īpplications and files used by individual users are stored in this directory. Like the /bin directory, this folder contains essential binary files, in this case, binaries run by the root user for system administration tasks. Temporary files usually are in the /tmp folder where the system can manage and delete files. This directory holds temporary application files that cannot be deleted by the Linux system. This also is different from the / (root) directory which holds all Linux directories and files. Instead of /home/root, the /root directory is used to store data and configuration-related files for the root user. This is the home directory of the root user. These files include system and process information. Linux kernel and process files are stored in the /proc directory. Proprietary software that does not use the standard Linux file system structure will create directories in the /opt folder to store its files. This directory is used by system administrators to mount (connect) temporary file systems, for example, to recover files from a drive partition. You can browse the contents of these drives from the /media directory. When you attach removable media, for example, a CD-ROM or thumb drive, a directory will be created in the /media folder. Individual user-related libraries for /usr/bin are in the /usr/lib directory.Īny corrupted files from system crashes are stored in this directory. For example, Fred Flintstone would have a directory at /home/fred to store his data and configuration-related files.Įssential library files for the system binaries in the /bin or /sbin directories are stored here. User-specific configuration files are in the /home directory for each user.Įach user configured in Linux has a directory under the /home directory. This directory contains all the configuration files for the system. dev/null also is a device that discards all input, useful for cron and other software that generates output not needed otherwise. If you wanted to partition a drive, for example, you would point the partition software to a file in this directory. However, the configuration files for booting up are in the /etc directory.ĭevices such as drives are made available in this directory as files. This folder holds the files needed to boot (or start up) the operating system. Software like a Firefox web browser are stored in the /usr/bin directory. In Windows, D:\ and E:\ appear at the same level as the C:\ folder.Ĭritical system programs and utilities are stored in this directory. While similar to C:\ in Windows, in Linux drives like D:\ or E:\ appear as directories under the \ directory. This is the top-most level in the Linux operating system. Here’s a table with the most common Unix directory names and their purpose: You mount devices like CD-ROMs in Unix, attach or connect them in Windows. Folders are called directories in Unix.Other file system hierarchy differences include: The folder names are called the file system hierarchy. With Linux, and any Unix-based operating system, every folder name seems cryptic or abbreviated. It’s different from Windows where only a few folder names are mysterious. Here are the names and purpose of each directory.Īnyone who has used the Linux operating system has probably been stumped by the odd file folder names used by the software. The Linux directory structure looks confusing compared to Windows.
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